The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed engineer, architect or other design professional. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the research council on structural connections or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of his information assumes all liability arising form such use.